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Regarding the tackle/maul discussion, most questions have been answered, but here is my 2 cents worth.
As mentioned if the ball carrier goes to ground (i.e. one knee touches the ground) then the tackler needs to release him and ball. If defender rips ball from ball carrier before he goes to ground, then play on.
Now with maul there are a few interesting and confusing situations, depending on different scenarios.
1. Ball carrier gets held up and maul forms (Macabe style). Ball carrier tries to go to ground and put his knee onto the ground, still hanging onto the ball by both ball carrier and defender. Ball carrier needs to release the ball. If not PK for holding on.
2. Maul formed and all players go to ground. No one have to release or roll away. Unplayable, scrum to team not in possession of ball when maul formed.
3. Maul formed and players and ball go to ground, but at least 1 player from both sides are on their feet, over the ball contesting for the ball. We now have a ruck! All ruck laws apply (roll away, release etc.) So a maul can in fact turn into a ruck!
The IRB made a clarification on this in 2011.
http://www.irblaws.com/index.php?dom...arification=83